Historical Events Since 1607 AD to 1788 AD (Part 3)
1607 | Virginia permanently colonized. |
1609 | Beginning of the plantations in Ireland by English and Scottish settlers. |
1611 | Authorized Version of the Bible completed after seven years’ work by the translators. It was begun after the Hampton Court Conference of 1604. |
1612 | First English trading settlement in India at Surat. |
1619 | Start of the Thirty Years’ War in Germany between Catholics and Protestants. |
1620 | Pilgrim Fathers seek religious freedom, and sail in the Mayflower to America. |
1624 | Richelieu chief minister in France. |
1625 | Charles I becomes king, and soon after marries a French Catholic prineess. |
1628 | Petition of Right; Parliament secures control over taxation; imprisonment without cause shown made illegal. Harvey, a physician, publishes his discovery of the circulation of the blood. |
1629 | Charles I dissolves Parliament and imprisons its leaders. Government by Court of Star Chamber under Archbishop Laud and the Earl of Strafford. |
1632 | Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden killed at Lutzen. |
1637 | John Hampden tried for not paying Ship-money. |
1638 | Scots oppose Archbishop Laud’s Liturgy; General Assembly at Glasgow re-establishes Presbyterianism. |
1639 | Founding of Madras in India by the East India Company. |
1640 | Charles I recalls Parliament. |
1641 | Impeachment and execution of Strafford by the Long Parliament, which adopts the Grand Remonstrance of complaints against Charles I. |
1642 | Beginning of Civil War between the King’s “Cavaliers” and Parliament’s “Roundheads”; battle of Edgehill, the result being indecisive. |
1643 | Parliaments of England and Scotland sign the Solemn League and Covenant for mutual help. Battle of Newbury. |
1644 | Battle of Marston Moor; victory for Parliament’s troops. |
1645 | Charles I defeated at the Battle of Naseby by Cromwell’s New Model Army. Trial and execution of Archbishop Laud. |
1646 | Surrender and imprisonment of Charles I. |
1648 | Second Civil War. The Army seizes the King. |
1649 | Trial and execution of Charles I. The Commonwealth established by the Rump Parliament; the monarchy abolished. Irish rebellion suppressed. |
1650 | Cromwell defeats Scots at the Battle of Dunbar. |
1651 | Cromwell defeats the army of Prince Charles (later Charles II) at Worcester, and Prince Charles has to flee. |
1652 | Passing of Navigation Act leads to war with the Dutch; Dutch naval victory in the Thames Estuary. |
1653 | Admiral Blake defeats the Dutch fleet. Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England. |
1655 | War with Spain, leading to Blake’s naval victories at Cadiz and Santa Cruz. Capture of Jamaica. |
1658 | Death of Oliver Cromwell; his son, Richard Cromwell, proves an unpopular ruler. |
1659 | Richard Cromwell abdicates. |
1660 | Restoration of the monarchy under Charles II. |
1661 | Louis XIV, King of France, assumes full power. |
1662 | Act of Uniformity; compulsory use of the English Prayer Book. |
1664 | Renewal of war against the Dutch; New Amsterdam (New York) captured. |
1665 | The Great Plague kills 100,000 people in London. |
1666 | The Great Fire destroys much of London, but helps to stop the spread of infection. |
1670 | Secret Treaty of Dover between Charles II and Louis XIV. |
1672 | Beginning of the Third Dutch War. |
1673 | Test Act requires all office holders to adhere to Church of England. |
1678 | Titus Oates and the Popish Plot scare. |
1679 | Habeas Corpus Act makes it illegal to imprison anyone without trial. |
1682 | William Penn founds Pennsylvania in the American colonies. |
1683 | King of Poland saves Vienna from the Turks. |
1685 | Death of Charles II; he is succeeded by his brother, James II. Duke of Monmouth, claimant to the throne, defeated at the Battle of Sedgemoor. |
1688 | James’s attempt to put Catholics in positions of authority is defied by the seven bishops. Flight of James II; William, Prince of Orange, and his wife Mary, daughter of James II, land at Torbay. |
1689 | William III and Mary II proclaimed King and Queen; establishment of Constitutional Government. Declaration of Rights establishes parliamentary supremacy, while the Toleration Act extends freedom of worship. England at war with France. |
1690 | Williain III defeats James II at the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland. |
1692 | Naval battle of La Hogue; defeat of the French fleet establishes English supremacy at sea. Massacre of Glencoe in Scotland. |
1693 | National Debt started. |
1694 | Triennial Act limits life of Parliament to three years. Bank of England established. |
1697 | Treaty of Ryswick ends “War of the English Succession”; France recognizes William III as King of England. |
1701 | Grand Alliance between England, Holland and the Empire against France and Spain. Act of Settlement appoints House of Hanover heirs to throne. |
1702 | Queen Anne, daughter of James II, succeeds to the throne. Beginning of War of the Spanish Succession. |
1704 | Victory of Marlborough at Blenheim on the Continent; the capture of Gibraltar from Spain establishes England as a Mediterranean power. |
1706 | Marlborough’s victory at Ramillies. |
1707 | Union of England and Scotland in the “United Kingdom of Great Britain.” |
1708 | Marlborough’s victories at Oudenarde and Lille. |
1710 | Nova Scotia in Canada is captured from the French. |
1713 | Treaty of Utrecht ends war with France and establishes Britain as the greatest sea-power. |
1714 | George I, Elector of Hanover, becomes King of Great Britain. |
1715 | Scottish Jacobite rising in favour of James II’s son, the Old Pretender. |
1717 | Triple Alliance between Britain, France and Holland against Spain. |
1720 | South Sea Bubble bursts, causing a financial scandal. |
1721 | Beginning of Cabinet Government; Sir Robert Walpole becomes first Prime Minister. |
1727 | Death of George I; accession Of his son, George II. |
1739 | John and Charles Wesley start Methodist religious revival. War with Spain (the War of Jenkins’ Ear). |
1740 | Anson starts his voyage round the world. |
1743 | Britain participates in the War of the Austrian Succession; victory of George II over the French at Dettingen. |
1745 | Capture of Cape Breton Island from the French. Second Jacobite Rebellion led by Prince Charles, who reaches Derby in his march on London, before turning back. |
1746 | Defeat of Jacobites at the Battle of Culloden in Scotland. |
1748 | Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the war of the Austrian Succession. |
1751 | Rivalries in India between British and French East India Companies. Clive captures Arcot. |
1752 | Calendar reform; New Year begins on 1 January instead of 5 March. |
1753 | Quarrels between the British and French colonists in Canada. |
1756 | Beginning of the Seven Years War. Britain allies herself with Prussia against France and Austria. |
1757 | Clive’s victory at Plassey marks beginning of British conquest of India. |
1759 | British victory over the French on the Heights of Abraham, near Quebec, in Canada. British naval victories at Lagos and Quiberon Bay. |
1760 | French defeats at Wandewash and Pondicherry establish British supremacy in India. Death of George II; he is succeeded by his grandson, George III. |
1763 | Treaty of Paris ends the Seven Years War; Britain gains Canada and other possessions from France and Spain. |
1764 | Hargreaves’ spinning jenny improves yarn-making. |
1765 | Stamp Act; American colonists protest against taxes levied by the British Parliament without their consent. |
1767 | Duties instead imposed on tea and other articles imported into America. |
1768 | Captain Cook sets sail on a voyage of exploration to the Pacific; he explores Australia and New Zealand. |
1769 | James Watt invents an efficient steam-engine. |
1773 | Ship boarded in Boston Harbour and tea chests flung into the sea in protest against the duties-the Boston Tea-party. Warren Hastings appointed first Governor-General of India. |
1775 | Beginning of the American War of Independence; George Washington chosen as Commander-in-Chief. |
1776 | Declaration of Independence passed by the American Congress, 4 July, proclaiming their independence of Great Britain. Adam Smith’s book, The Wealth of Nations, against Protection. |
1777 | Washington defeated by General Howe. General Burgoyne surrenders to an American army at Saratoga Springs. |
1778 | Earl of Chatham, before his death, opposes recognition of American independence. France, Spain and Holland support the Americans against Britain, and France declares war on Britain. |
1779 | Spain declares war on Britain. Crompton’s mule still further improves yarn. |
1780 | Britain at war with Holland. Spanish fleet defeated off Cape St. Vincent. The Gordon Riots in London. |
1781 | British troops under Lord Cornwallis surrender to Washington at Yorktown. Hyder of Mysore defeated by British at Porto Novo. |
1782 | Battle of the Saints; British naval victory under Rodney over the French fleet in the West Indies. Irish granted legislative independence by George III. |
1783 | Treaty of Versailles; Britain recognizes the independence of the United States. William Pitt, son of the Earl of Chatham, becomes Prime Minister at the age of twenty-four. |
1784 | Pitt’s India Act improves government of British India. |
1785 | Cartwright’s power loom speeds up the weaving process. |
1788 | Warren Hastings tried for oppression in British India. British settlements established in New South Wales, Australia. |
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