World Historical Events Since 5000 B.C. – Part III

Historical Events Since 1607 AD to 1788 AD (Part 3)

1607 Virginia permanently colonized.
1609 Beginning of the plantations in Ireland by English and Scottish settlers.
1611 Authorized  Version of the Bible completed  after  seven years’ work by the translators. It  was begun  after  the  Hampton Court  Conference  of 1604.
1612 First  English trading  settlement in India  at Surat.
1619 Start  of the  Thirty Years’ War  in  Germany between  Catholics  and  Protestants.
1620 Pilgrim Fathers seek  religious freedom, and sail in the Mayflower to America.
1624 Richelieu chief minister in France.
1625 Charles I becomes king, and soon after marries a French  Catholic prineess.
1628 Petition  of Right;  Parliament  secures  control over taxation; imprisonment without cause shown made illegal.   Harvey, a physician, publishes his discovery of the circulation of the blood.
1629 Charles  I dissolves Parliament and  imprisons  its leaders.  Government  by Court  of Star Chamber under Archbishop Laud and the Earl of Strafford.
1632 Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden killed at Lutzen.
1637 John  Hampden tried for not paying Ship-money.
1638 Scots oppose  Archbishop Laud’s Liturgy; General  Assembly at  Glasgow re-establishes  Presbyterianism.
1639 Founding of Madras in India  by the East  India Company.
1640 Charles I recalls Parliament.
1641 Impeachment and execution of Strafford by the Long Parliament, which adopts the Grand  Remonstrance  of complaints  against Charles I.
1642 Beginning of Civil War between the King’s  “Cavaliers” and Parliament’s “Roundheads”; battle of Edgehill, the result  being indecisive.
1643 Parliaments of England and Scotland sign the Solemn League and Covenant for mutual  help. Battle of Newbury.
1644 Battle of Marston Moor; victory for Parliament’s troops.
1645 Charles  I defeated  at  the  Battle  of  Naseby  by  Cromwell’s New Model Army. Trial  and execution of Archbishop Laud.
1646 Surrender and imprisonment of Charles I.
1648 Second Civil War. The Army seizes the King.
1649 Trial  and execution  of Charles I. The  Commonwealth established  by the Rump  Parliament; the monarchy abolished.  Irish  rebellion suppressed.
1650 Cromwell defeats Scots at the Battle of Dunbar.
1651 Cromwell   defeats   the   army   of  Prince   Charles   (later Charles II)  at Worcester, and Prince Charles has to flee.
1652 Passing  of  Navigation  Act  leads  to  war  with  the  Dutch; Dutch  naval victory in the Thames Estuary.
1653 Admiral  Blake defeats the Dutch  fleet. Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England.
1655 War with Spain, leading to Blake’s naval victories at Cadiz and Santa Cruz. Capture  of Jamaica.
1658 Death of Oliver Cromwell; his son, Richard Cromwell, proves an unpopular ruler.
1659 Richard Cromwell abdicates.
1660 Restoration of the monarchy under Charles II.
1661 Louis XIV, King of France, assumes  full power.
1662 Act of Uniformity; compulsory  use of the English Prayer Book.
1664 Renewal of war against the Dutch; New Amsterdam  (New York) captured.
1665 The  Great Plague kills 100,000 people in London.
1666 The Great  Fire destroys much of London, but helps to stop the spread of infection.
1670 Secret Treaty  of Dover between Charles II and Louis XIV.
1672 Beginning of the Third Dutch War.
1673 Test  Act requires all office holders to adhere to Church  of England.
1678 Titus  Oates and the Popish Plot scare.
1679 Habeas Corpus  Act makes it illegal to imprison  anyone without trial.
1682 William Penn founds  Pennsylvania in the American colonies.
1683 King of Poland saves Vienna from the Turks.
1685 Death  of Charles  II; he is succeeded  by his brother, James II. Duke of Monmouth, claimant  to the throne, defeated at the Battle of Sedgemoor.
1688 James’s attempt to put Catholics in positions of authority is defied by the seven bishops. Flight of James II; William, Prince of Orange, and his wife Mary, daughter of James II, land at Torbay.
1689 William III and  Mary II proclaimed  King  and Queen;  establishment  of Constitutional Government. Declaration of Rights establishes parliamentary supremacy, while the Toleration Act extends freedom of worship. England at war with France.
1690 Williain III defeats James II at the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland.
1692 Naval battle of La Hogue; defeat  of the  French  fleet establishes English supremacy at sea. Massacre of Glencoe in Scotland.
1693 National Debt  started.
1694 Triennial  Act limits life of Parliament to three years. Bank of England established.
1697 Treaty  of Ryswick ends “War of the English  Succession”; France recognizes William III as King of England.
1701 Grand  Alliance between England, Holland  and the Empire  against France and Spain.  Act of Settlement  appoints House of Hanover heirs to throne.
1702 Queen Anne, daughter  of James  II, succeeds to the throne. Beginning of War of the Spanish  Succession.
1704 Victory of  Marlborough at  Blenheim  on  the  Continent; the  capture  of Gibraltar  from  Spain  establishes England  as a Mediterranean power.
1706  Marlborough’s victory at Ramillies.
1707 Union of  England and Scotland in the “United Kingdom of Great Britain.”
1708 Marlborough’s victories at Oudenarde and Lille.
1710 Nova Scotia in Canada is captured from the French.
1713 Treaty  of  Utrecht ends  war  with  France  and  establishes  Britain  as the greatest sea-power.
1714 George I, Elector of Hanover, becomes King of Great  Britain.
1715 Scottish Jacobite  rising in favour  of James  II’s son, the Old Pretender.
1717 Triple  Alliance between Britain,  France  and Holland against  Spain.
1720 South  Sea Bubble  bursts, causing a financial scandal.
1721 Beginning of Cabinet Government; Sir Robert Walpole becomes first Prime Minister.
1727 Death of George I; accession Of his son, George II.
1739 John and Charles Wesley start Methodist religious revival. War with Spain (the War of Jenkins’ Ear).
1740 Anson starts his voyage round the world.
1743 Britain participates in the War of the Austrian Succession;  victory  of George  II over the French at Dettingen.
1745 Capture of Cape Breton Island from the French.   Second Jacobite Rebellion led by Prince Charles, who reaches Derby in his march on London, before turning back.
1746 Defeat of Jacobites at the Battle of Culloden in Scotland.
1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the war of the Austrian  Succession.
1751 Rivalries in India between British and French East India Companies. Clive captures Arcot.
1752 Calendar reform;  New Year begins on 1 January instead of 5 March.
1753 Quarrels between the British and French colonists in Canada.
1756 Beginning of the Seven Years War.  Britain allies herself with Prussia against France and Austria.
1757 Clive’s victory at Plassey marks beginning of British conquest of India.
1759 British victory over the French on the Heights of Abraham, near Quebec, in Canada. British  naval victories at Lagos and  Quiberon Bay.
1760 French defeats at Wandewash and Pondicherry establish British supremacy in India.  Death of George II; he is succeeded by his grandson, George III.
1763 Treaty of Paris ends the Seven Years War; Britain gains Canada and other possessions from France and Spain.
1764 Hargreaves’ spinning jenny improves yarn-making.
1765 Stamp Act; American colonists protest against taxes levied  by the British Parliament without their consent.
1767 Duties instead imposed on tea and  other  articles  imported  into America.
1768 Captain Cook sets sail on a voyage of exploration to the Pacific; he explores Australia and New Zealand.
1769 James Watt invents an efficient steam-engine.
1773 Ship boarded in Boston Harbour and tea chests flung into the sea in protest against the duties-the Boston Tea-party. Warren Hastings  appointed first Governor-General of India.
1775 Beginning of the American War of Independence; George Washington chosen as Commander-in-Chief.
1776 Declaration of Independence passed by  the  American  Congress,  4 July, proclaiming  their  independence of Great  Britain. Adam Smith’s book, The Wealth of Nations, against Protection.
1777 Washington defeated by General Howe. General Burgoyne surrenders to an American army at Saratoga Springs.
1778 Earl  of  Chatham, before  his  death,   opposes  recognition   of  American independence. France, Spain and Holland support the  Americans against Britain, and France  declares war on Britain.
1779 Spain declares war on Britain.  Crompton’s mule still further improves  yarn.
1780 Britain at war with Holland.  Spanish fleet defeated off Cape St. Vincent. The Gordon Riots in London.
1781 British troops under Lord Cornwallis surrender to Washington at Yorktown. Hyder of Mysore defeated  by British at Porto Novo.
1782 Battle of the Saints; British naval victory under Rodney over the French fleet in the West Indies. Irish granted legislative independence by George III.
1783 Treaty  of Versailles; Britain  recognizes the  independence of the United States. William Pitt, son of the Earl of Chatham, becomes Prime Minister at the age of twenty-four.
1784 Pitt’s India Act improves government  of British  India.
1785 Cartwright’s  power loom speeds up the weaving process.
1788 Warren Hastings tried for oppression  in British  India.  British settlements  established in New South  Wales, Australia.

 

continue on part IV…

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